^9/ 


n 


THE 


NDIAN  CLUB   EXEECISE. 


EXPLANATORY  FIGURES  AND   POSITIONS. 


^Ij0l0gva|3lj£b  ham  '^xit; 


ALSO,   GENEBAl,  BEMABKS  ON 


PHYSICAL    CTJLTTJRE 


ILLUSTEATED 


ORTRAITURES    OF    CELEBRATED    ATHLETES,    EXHIBITING  GREAT    MUSCULAR 
DEVELOPMENT    FROM    THE    CLUB    EXERCISE,     ENGRAVED     FROM 
PHOTOGRAPHS.     EXPRESSLY    FOR    THIS    WORK. 


By    SIM.    ID.    KEHOE. 

NEW    YORK: 

PUBLISHED  PY  PECK  &  SN'YPER, 

Nos.  124,  126  &  12S   Nassau  Street. 


ifii  ^ 


IMITATES  ROWING  PERFECTLY, 


STROKE  HARD  AT  THE  BEGINNING. 
EASY  AT  THE  FINISH, 

RECOVERY  UNASSISTED 


MACHINE  FOLDED. 


DESCK-IPTIOIV. 


A  cylinder  made  of  brass,  having  a  closed  end  and  a  highly  polished  interior,  is  placed  in  front  of  the 
oarsman,  as  shown  in  the  illustration.  The  piston  rod  uf  the  cylinder  is  connected  with  the  short  oars  by 
means  of  a  whiffletree  aud  connectiut?  rods. 

The  act  of  taking  a  stroke  draws  the  piston  away  from  the  closed  end  of  the  cylinder,  produces  a 
vacumn,  and  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere  upon  the  piston  simulates  the  resistance  that  is  afforded  by  the 
water  in  rowing  a  boat.  The  cyhnder  (a  sectional  view  of  which  is  shown  below),  is  provided  with  a  series 
of  small  holes  commencing  about  half  way  from  the  closed  end,  which  allow  the  atmosphere  to  enter,  and  as 
the  piston  is  drawn  past  them  gradually  relieve  the  vacuum.  Hence  the  stroke  is  hard  at  the  beginning,  when 
the  vacuum  is  perfect,  and  gradually  becomes  easier  as  these  holes  are  passed.  The  air  thus  accumulated 
in  the  cylinder,  finds  free  exit  through  a  large  opening  in  the  closed  end,  as  it  is  pushed  before  the  piston  in 
the  "recovery."  This  opening  is  closed  by  a  valve  automatically  upon  the  commencement  of  a  new  stroke. 
There  is,  therefore,  neither  assistance  nor  resistance  to  recovery.  The  oars  turn  so  as  to  allow  of  feathering. 
Adjustable  to  any  strength. 

^\      a-x      au\      Qt.\ 


sectionaij  view  of  thjs  cT\jj:yin:ji. 

aaa  a.— Holes  in  the  cylinder  lor  the  admission  of  air.    As  the  piston  is  drawn  past  them,  the  vacuum  is  relieved, 
b.— The  piston. 

c— Leather  cup  or  pacKing  of  the  piston. 

d.— Valve  covering  the  large  opening  in  the  closed  end  of  the  cyhnder.  This  valve  closes  automatically  upoa<»e 
commencement  of  a  stroke  and  opens  to  allow  free  exit  for  the  air  accumulated  in  the  cylinder  as  tht  piston  is 
pushed  back  in  the  recovery.  .  ,        ...    , 

e.— Screw  filed  away  on  one  side,  by  unscrewing  which  a  small  or  large  opening  is  made,  as  described. 

The  machine  will  be  sent  to  any  part  of  the  world  on  receipt  of  the  price.     In  remitting  send  check 
on  this  city,  postal  money  order,  or  by  registered  letter. 

PRICE    OF    PARLOR    MACHINE,    $I5.00. 


New  York,  October  28th,  1882, 
Dear  Sir  :— I  have  one  of  your  Pnettmatio  Parlor  Rowing  Machines,  and  find  it  the  most  perfect 
rowing  machine  I  have  ever  tried.  The  motion  is  exactly  like  that  of  an  oar,  and  the  use  o±  the  machiau  will 
develop  the  same  muscles  that  are  called  into  play  in  rowing,  and  to  the  same  extent.  It  is  an  excellent 
substitute  for  the  water,  and  I  gladly  recommend  it  to  professional  and  amateur  oarsmen,  and  others. 
Hoping  you  will  meet  with  the  success  you  deserve,  I  remain,  yourstruly,  „_  .  .^ 

{Champion  Oarsman  of  the  World  J 


GEORGE    "WiLKES,  Esq. 

THE     LOYAL     GENTLEMAN,    AND    TALENTED     EDITOR 

OF 

"WILKES'     SPIRIT     OF     THE     TIMES" 

THIS      WORK      IS      DEDICATED, 

IN  R  E  M  E  M  B  RAN  C  E  OF  MANY  ACTS  OF  KINDNESS 

siioirs  TO 
T  II  E  ^  ^\  TJ  T  K  O  K . 


TMiAmtg] 


m  lafae 


—a. 


^j±  in 


Sa^a^mmiA 


Mmlhfm 


.tiro 


tfimitdhr 


yiTT  T 


C  O  >^  T  E  N  T  S  . 


INTRODUCTION. 

Some  account  of  the  origin  of  the  Club. — Its  use  in  England,  and  introduction  into  the  British  Army. 

Mr.  Kehoe's  Visit  to   England,  and  introduction  of  the  Club  into  the  United  States. — Exten.sive  sale, 

and  general  use  among  Professionals  of  Sports  and  Pastimes. — Letter  from  John  C.  Ileenan. Use  of 

Club   among  non-professionals. — Letter  from    Lieut.-Gen.    Grant. — Demand   for  Manual   of   Instruo 
tion. • 9 


GENERAL  REMARKS  ON  PHYSICAL  CULTURE. 

The  three  divisions  of  Education :  Physical,  Moral,  and  Intellectual. — Improvement  of  one  contributes  to 
that  of  the  others. — Importance  of  Exercise,  and  its  action  on  the  Mxiscular  System. — Formation  of  the 
Muscular  S\"stem. — Various  kinds  of  Exercise. — Convenience  of  the  Clubs  as  a  means  of  Exercise. — 
Proportional  Development. — Examples  of  Muscular  Development  from  the  Club  Exercise,  with 
Portraitures  of  Mr.  J.  Edward  Russell,  Mr.  Timothy  Dermody,  Mr.  Charles  A.  Quitzow,  and  Mr.  Fred. 
Kiuier. 


13 


INTRODUCTORY     TO     THE     EXERCISES. 

Description  of  the  Club. — Weight  for  Beginners. — Holding  the  Club.— Position. — The  First  Position. — The 

Second  Position. — Conclusion.  -... 35 

THE  ALPHABET  OF  THE  CLUB  EXERCISE. 

Description  of  the  Alphabet. — The  Alphabet  of  eight  dLstinct   .Movements. — Separate  explanations  of  the 
Movements. 


E     E  X  E  R  C  I  S  E  S 


I  T  H       I   L   L  U 


R  A  T  I  V  E 


PAGE. 

PAGB. 

Exercise  No.  1 . . . 

44 

Exercise  No.  5. . . 

.     ...60 

Exercise  No.  2. . . 

48 

Exercise  No.  6. . . 

64 

Exercise  No.  3  . . 

52 

Exercise  No.  7. . . 

68 

Exercise  No.  4. . . 

56 

Exercise  No.  8. . . 

72 

r  I  G   l-   R  E  s  . 

PAGE. 

Exercise  No.    9 70 

Exercise  No.  10 80 

Exerci.se  No.  11 84 

Exercise  No.  12  88 


PAGE. 

Exercise  No.  13 92 

Exercise  No.  14 96 

Exercise  No.  15 100 

Exercise  No.  16 104 


Exercise  No  17, 


EXERCISES    FOR    LADIES. 

AND     CONCLUDIXO      REMARKS. 

108  I   Exercise  No.  18 112  |   Exercise  No.  19 116  |   Exercise  No.  20 120 


PBCZ  &,  SNYDER'S  MODEL  AND  POPULAR  INDIAN  CLUBS. 


-J$ 


PECK  &  SNYDER'S  MODEL  INDIAN  CLUBS. 

The  above  Model  Clubs  are  made  of  selected  and  seasoned  maple  and  finely  French  polished,  from 
1  to  12  pounds. 

Sizes lib.      2  lbs.      3  lbs.      4  lbs.      5  lbs.      6  lbs.      7  lbs.      8  lbs.      9  lbs.       10  lbs.       12  lbs. 

Por  pair. ...  $1  00,     1  25,      1  50,      2  00,      2  50,      2  50,       3  00,      3  00,      3  50,        4  00,        5  00. 

PECK  &  SNYDER'S  POPULAR  INDIAN  CLUBS. 

These  Clubs  are  made  of  maple,  not  fine  polished,  finished  in  wax,  and  quite  as  good  for  service  as 
the  finer  finished. 

Sizes lib.  3  8  4  5  6  7  8  9  10         12 

Per  pair 75c.,        $1  00,      1  00,      1  25,      1  50,      1  50,      1  75,      1  75,      2  00,       2  00,      2  50. 

Kehoe's  model  Clubs  made  to  order,  of  any  desired  length  or  -weight. 

Wheelwright's  Instructions  in  Indian  Club  Exercises,  ten  new  illustrations,  paper 25 

Kehoe's  Indian  Club  Exercises,  containing  thirty  illustrations  from  ilfe,  bound  in  cloth,  large  size,  1  00 
Indian  Club,  Dumb  bell  and  Sword  Exercises,  by  Professor  Harrison,  illustrations,  in  boards 25 

FOLK'S  ADJUSTABLE  WEIGHT  INDIAN  CLUB. 

Patented  March,  12,  1878,  and  Patent  allowed  May,  16,  1882, 
seven  pair  in  one.  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  and  10  lbs. 

Fig.  1.  ia  a  representation  in  perspective  of  the  club  proper,  with 
its  three  accompanying  weights  and  detached  chamberhead,  said 
head  being  provided  with  a  rubber  plate  on  the  inner  side  to 
afford  a  uniform  bearing  for  the  weights. 

Fig.  2.  is  a  longitudinal  section  showing  the  internal  arrange, 
ment  with  the  chamber-head  attached. 

This  club  is  the  same  externally  as  the  ordinary  articJe,  but  is 
chambered  in  the  larger  end  for  the  reception  of  detachable  cylin- 
drical weights  which  are  readily,  firmly,  and  noiselessly  secured, 
singly  or  combined,  in  sockets  in  the  inner  end  of  the  chamber,  by 
a  threaded  metallic  head. 

It  embraces  all  the  sizes  used  by  ladies,  gents,  misses,  and  youths, 
and  is  adapted  to  increasing  strength,  various  movements,  and 
different  persons,  being  equivalent  to  seven  pair  of  single  weight 
clubs. 

It  is  carefully  turned  cut  of  the  best  maple,  and  finely  polished. 
The  weights  are  made  of  cast  iron,  and  coppered.  The  other  fit- 
tings are  neatly  set  and  dressed. 

Club  swinging  is  a  well  tried  and  established  institution  and  ia 
universally  recognired  as  one  of  the  best  methods  for  developing 
the  muscles  of  the  body,  improving  the  circulation,  digestion,  etc. 

This  Club  with  its  many  advantages  must  add  greatly  to  the 
popularity  of  this  beneficial  exercise,  and  fully  merits  the  favor 
with  which  it  is  being  received.  Price  $5. 00  per  pair. 


PUBLISHER'S    IXTEODUOTIOX. 


As  a  means  of  physical  culture,  the  Indian  Clubs  stand  pre-eminent  among  the  varied  apparatus 
of  Gymnastics  now  in  use.  Their  first  introduction  into  tliis  country  dates  but  a  few  years  back,  at 
which  time  very  little  was  known  of  the  exercise,  or  its  origin,  other  than  the  fact  that  it  was  practiced 
by  several  celebrated  English  athletes,  who  had  attained  immense  strength  and  physical  development 
thereby.  As  the  name  implies,  the  Indian  Club  is  an  institution  of  India.  In  sketches  of  Indian  life, 
by  missionaries  and  travelers,  we  have  accounts  of  the  various  national  sports  and  pastimes  of  the 
natives,  in  which  mention  is  made  of  the  swinging  of  heavy  war  clubs,  of  wood,  in  various  graceful  and 
fantastic  motions;  that  the  performers  of  this  exercise  exhibited  great  muscular  development  and 
herculean  strength. 

Officers  connected  with  the  British  Army  in  India  also  give  accounts  of  these  Indian  recreations 
The  exercises  are  thus  described  by  one  of  them  :  "  The  wonderful  Club  exercise  is  one  of  the  most 
eflFectual  kinds  of  athletic  training,  known  anywhere  in  common  use  throughout  India.  The  Clubs  are 
of  wood,  varying  in  weight  according  to  the  strength  of  the  person  using  them,  and  in  length  about  two 
feet  and  a  half,  and  some  six  or  seven  inches  in  diameter  at  the  base,  which  is  level,  so  as  to  admit  of 
their  standing  firmly  when  placed  on  the  ground,  and  thus  affording  great  convenience  for  using  them  in 
the  swinging  positions. 

"  The  exercise  is  in  great  repute  among  the  native  soldiery,  police,  and  others  whose  caste 
renders  them  liable  to  emergencies  where  great  strength  of  muscle  is  desirable.  The  evolutions  wliich 
the  Clubs  are  made  to  perform,  in  the  hands  of  one  accustomed  to  their  use,  are  exceedingly  graceful, 
and  they  vary  almost  without  limit.  Beside  the  great  recommendation  of  simplicity,  the  Indian  Club 
practice  possesses  the  essential  property  of  expanding  the  chest  and  exercising  every  muscle  in  the  body 
concurrently." 

Shortly  after  the  establishment  of  English  colonies  in  India,  the  Club  exercise  was  introduced 
into  the  British  ^Vrmy  as  a  part  of  the  drill.  The  full  exercise,  however,  accordmg  to  the  Indian 
practice,  was  not  adopted,  but  a  Calisthenic  exercise  with  light  Clubs  was  arranged,  combining  a  few  of 
the  old  Swedish  Cure  extension  movements,  more  calculated  to  open  the  chest,  supple  the  figure,  and 
give  freedom  to  the  muscles,  than  to  develop  strength  or  impart  practical  benefit  greater  than  might  be 
attained  by  numerous  other  light  Gymnastics,  then  extant.  The  portion  adopted  by  the  British  Army 
may  be  found  in  "  Walker's  Manly  Exercises,"  as  well  as  a  few  examples  from  the  Indian  practice, 
vaguely  and  unsatisfactorily  explained. 


PreTious  to  the  introduction  of  Indian  Clubs  into  the  United  States,  Mr.  Kehoe  was  extensively 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  Gymnastic  apparatus.  This  well-known  missionary  of  physical 
culture  having  done  much  toward  the  conversion  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  the  advantages 
of  muscular  development,  to  enjoy  a  resting-spell  from  the  cares  and  fatigues  of  business  made  a  visit  to 
Europe  in  Jmie,  1861,  returning  in  September  of  the  same  year.  During  his  stay  abroad  he  visited 
all  the  principal  cities  of  England  and  Ireland,  and  thoroughly  posted  himself  with  everything  pertammg 
to  manly  sports  and  exercises  among  the  English  athletes. 

On  the  occasion  of  seeing  Prof.  Harrison,  of  London-a  well-known  English  Professor  of 
Gymnastics-use  the  mammoth  war-clubs,  he  thought  there  must  be  something  in  it,  and  determined 
upon  introducing  it  into  the  United  States  upon  his  return  home.  Prof.  Harrison  was  then  considered 
the  strongest  man  in  England,  and  the  Queen  was  so  pleased  with  his  extraordinary  skill  in  the  ase  of 
these  Clubs,  that  she  presented  him  with  an  elegant  vase. 

On  Mr  Kehoe's  return  to  the  United  States  he  collected  together  his  ideas,  and,  with  his 
ingenuity  and  experience,  devised  a  model  Club,  far  superior  to  those  used  by  Harrison,  both  m  an 
ornamental  and  useful  point  of  view.  The  present  is  his  fourth  year  in  their  manufacture  and  sale,  and 
his  success  m  introducmg  them  has  been  encouraging.  With  a  liberal  outlay  and  judicious  manage- 
ment, he  has  built  up  a  business  which  is  hardly  yet  matured,  and  in  course  of  time  will  have  its 
agencies  in  every  city  and  town  in  the  country. 

it  would  be  utterly  impossible  to  enumerate  the  names  of  well-known  celebrities  in  manly  sports 
Who  use  Mr.  Kehoe's  Clubs,  or  to  give  a  hundredth  part  of  the  testimony  borne,  as  to  the  advantages 
they  have  derived  from  the  use  of  them.  Among  the  oarsmen  are  the  names  of  HammiU  the  Champion 
Josh  Ward,  the  ex-Champion,  and  the  Ward  brothers;  also  the  celebrated  crews  of  Harvard  and 
Yale  the  Atlantics,  of  New  York,  and  other  celebrated  clubs  and  oarsmen  throughout  the  United  States 
and  the  Canadas,  too  numerous  to  mention.  The  headquarters  of  the  celebrated  Base-Ball  Clubs-the 
Champion  Atlantics,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Mutuals,  of  New  York,  and  Athletics,  of  Philadelphia-are  aU 
adorned  with  Kehoe's  missives  of  Muscular  Christianity. 

In  the  billiard  community  the  Clubs  are  esteemed  invaluable,  as  the  exercise  promotes  that 
steadiness  of  nerve  and  action  required  to  achieve  success,  as  well  as  to  withstand  the  fatigue  attending 
the  playing  of  protracted  games  and  matches.  Among  the  noted  players  who  are  experts  with  the  Club 
and  Cue  are  Kavanagh,  the  ex-Champion,  McDevitt,  Goldthwait,  Foster,  Roberts,  Champion  of 
England,  and  a  host  of  other  Knights  of  the  Cue,  who  take  the  lead  in  the  beautiful  and  scientific  game. 

In  the  severe  tramingmidergone  by  those  who  engage  m  pugilistic  encounters,  the  Club  is  an 
indispensable  adjunct,  and  more  real  benefit  is  derived  from  it  than  from  any  known  exercise. 
John  C.  Heenan  was  among  the  first-if  not  the  first-to  adopt  it  in  his  training  in  England,  previous 
to  his  conflict  with  King.  How  he  appreciated  the  exercise  and  its  effects,  in  a  moral  and  physical 
point  of  view,  may  be  learned  from  the  following  letter  from  Mr.  Heenan  to  Mr.  Kehoe. 


Newmarket,    England,   Nov.  12,  18C3.    " 
;.    S.    D.  Kuhoe; 

Dear  Sir  : — The  Indian  Clubs  which  you  so  kindly  sent  on  from  New  York,  for  me  to  use  during  my 
training,  have  been  forwarded  from  London  by  Owen  Swift,  and  although  scarcely  a  week  has  elapsed  since  I  have 
commenced  using  them,  their  beneficial  results  are  the  subject  of  touch  commendation  from  my  trainer,  Jack 
McDonald,  and  my  friends  and  backers.  As  an  assistant  for  training  purposes,  and  imparting  strength  to  the 
muscles  of  the  arms,  wrists,  and  hands,  together,  in  fact,  with  the  whole  muscular  system,  I  do  not  know  of  their 
equal ,  and  I  find  by  exi)ericnce  that  the  popularity  in  which  your  Clubs  are  held  by  Professors  of  Gymnastics  in 
various  parts  of  my  native  country,  is  fully  dcser\cd,  and  at  no  distant  day  they  will  become  one  of  tlie  institu- 
tions of  America.  At  this  particular  time  they  will  prove  of  immense  advantage,  and  I  cannot  but  thank  you  for 
the  unsolicited  interest  you  take  m  my  welfare  and  success.  These  Clubs  need  no  recommendation  at  my  hands, 
and  I  liave  only  to  tender  my  heartiest  wishes  for  your  prosperity  and  success.  With  many  thanks  fof  your 
kindness,  I  remain, 

Yours  truly,  JOHN  C.  UEENAN. 

Nor  are  the  beneficial  effects  of  the  Club  exercise  by  any  means  confined  to  professionals  of  the 
various  manly  sports  and  pastimes.  Merchants,  bankers,  clerks,  and  those  engaged  in  daily  business 
pursuits,  who  need  some  available  means  of  exercise  to  counteract  the  ills  arising  from  their  sedentary 
occupations,  are  many  of  them  becoming  experts  with  the  Clubs,  and  reaping  everlasting  benefits. 
Note  in  the  crowded  thoroughfare  of  Broadway  now  and  then  an  occasional  passer-by,  with  well-knit 
and  shapely  form,  firm  and  elastic  step,  broad-chested  and  full-blooded,  and  you  may  mark  him  down 
as  one  of  Kehoe's  converts.  The  names  of  these  well-known  Kew  Yorkers  are  too  numerous  for 
mention  here. 

Mr.  Kehoe's  determination  to  make  the  Indian  Club  an  American  institution  has  been  rewarded 
by  a  success  beyond  his  most  sanguine  expectations.  A  single  glance  at  his  order  book  exhibits  the 
names  of  our  most  distinguished  generals,  statesmen,  lawyers,  and  divines,  whom  he  has  supplied  with 
his  anti-dyspeptic,  anti-consumptive,  and  anti  to  every  ill  that  flesh  is  heir  to,  promoters  of  physical 
strength  and  symmetrical  form.  Among  the  host  of  distinguished  personages  above  referred  to  are 
found  the  names  of  Gen.  Grant  and  his  entire  staff ;  Hon.  R,  E.  Fenton,  Governor  of  New  York,  and 
staff;  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  and  so  on  through  the  Army  and  Navy,  Cabinet  and  Congress,  Pulpit 
and  Bar. 

The  following  letter  explains  itself: 

Headquarters   Armies   of   the   United  States,  J 
Washington,  D.  C.,April  9,  18G6.  ) 

Mr.  S.   D.  Kehoe,  103  Elm  St.,  New  York: 

Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  pleasure  of  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  full  set  of  rosewood  Dumb-Bells  and 
Indian  Clubs,  of  your  manufactiux;.     They  are  of  the  nicest  workmanship. 

Please  accept  my  thanks  for  your  thus  remembering  me,  and  particularly  my  boys,  who  1  know  will  take 
great  delight  as  well  as  receive  benefit  in  using  them. 

Youre  truly.  U.  S.  GRANT,  Lieut.-Gen.  L'.  S.  A. 


Mr.  Kehoe  Has  long  felt  the  necessity  of  a  manual  of  instruction  in  the  Club  exercises.  There 
are  many  who  have  purchased  Clubs,  who  have  no  time,  or,  perhaps,  opportunity,  to  attend  a  Gymna- 
sium, and  thus  have  no  means  of  learning  the  beauties  of  the  exercise  as  performed  by  experts,  which 
are  only  to  be  attained  by  instruction  and  practice.  Confined,  therefore,  to  a  few  simple  movements  of 
their  own  invention,  calculated,  perhaps,  to  do  as  much  harm  as  good,  as  well  as  being  devoid  of 
anythmg  attractive  or  pleasing,  they  soon  tire  of  the  Clubs,  and  throw  them  by  with  disgust. 

The  fact  is,  that  but  very  few  of  the  Gymnasiums  throughout  the  country  have  arra-ged  or 
introduced  the  exercise  with  anything  like  system,  nor  do  they  seem  to  be  acquainted  with  the  maLifoid 
graceful  and  artistic  evolutions  that  have  of  late  years  been  remodeled  and  extended  from  the  Indian 
practice.  The  author  trusts  that  the  manual  may  meet  the  requirements  of  those  for  whom  it  is  intended 
and  that  they  may  reap  the  full  advantage  of  the  benefits  and  beauties  of  the  exercise 


GENERAL  REMARKS  ON  PHYSICAL  CULTUR; 


Education  is  divided  into  two  branches — Physical  and  Moral.  More 
correctly  might  it  be  divided  into  three — Physical,  Moral,  and  Intellectual 
Nothing  is  more  certain  than  that  the  intellectual  and  the  moral  powers  may  be 
educated  separately ;  the  former  being  amended  while  the  latter  are  not,  and  the 
converse.  Facts  in  proof  of  this  are  abundant.  There  is  as  real  a  distinction 
between  moral  and  intellectual  education,  as  there  is  between  physical  education 
and  either  of  them.  ^Moral  action,  intellectual  action,  and  physical  action,  have 
their  seats  and  instruments  in  diiferent  parts  of  Ihc  human  system ;  and  those 
parts  are  essentially  connected  by  sympathy,  as  well  as  other  ties  more  mechanical 
and  obvious,  and  they  are  all  three  so  intimately  connected,  that  the  improvement 
of  any  one  of  them  may  be  made  to  contribute  to  that  of  the  others.  One  of  them 
being  injured  or  benefited,  therefore,  the  others  are  affected  in  a  corresponding 
manner.  Deriving  their  being  and  sustenance  fi'om  the  same  source,  and  serving 
as  elements  of  the  same  individual  person,  each  of  whose  parts  is  necessary  to  the 
integrity  and  perfection  of  the  whole,  it  would  be  sii^gular  were  it  not  so. 

The  organized  system  of  man  constitutes  the  machinery  with  which  alone 
his  mind  operates  during  their  connection  as  soul  and  body.  Improve  the 
apparatus,  then,  and  you  facilitate  and  improve  the  work  which  the  mind  performs 
with  it,  precisely  as  you  facilitate  steam  operation,  and  enhance  its  product,  by 
improving  the  machinery  with  which  it  is  executed.  In  one  case,  steam,  and  in 
the  other,  spirit,  continue  unchanged ;  and  each  works  and  produces  with  a 
degree  of  perfection  corresponding  to  that  of  the  instrument  it  employs. 


Hence  physical  education  is  far  more  important  than  is  conmionly  imagined. 
Without  a  due  regard  to  it,  and  a  stricter  and  more  judicious  attention  than  is 
paid  to  it  at  present,  man  cannot  attain  the  perfection  of  his  nature.  Ancient 
Greece  might  be  cited  in  confirmation  of  this.  If  history  and  other  forms  of  record 
be  credited,  the  people  of  that  country  were,  as  a  nation,  physically  and  intellectu- 
ally, the  most  perfect  of  the  human  race ;  and  there  is  every  reason  to  beheve 
that  their  unrivaled  attention  to  physical  culture  was  influential  in  producing  the 
result. 

As  mankind  act  from  motives  of  necessity  and  interest,  much  more  than 
from  those  of  any  other  sort,  physical  education,  the  chief  source  of  superior 
strength  of  person,  has  been  greatly  neglected,  especially  by  the  higher  orders 
of  society,  for  two  or  three  centuries.  Knowledge  being  now  the  only  ground 
of  power  and  influence,  intellectual  education  receives  at  present  a  much  more 
exclusive  attention  than  it  formerly  did,  and  much  more  than  comports  with  the 
benefit  of  our  race. 

The  cultivation  of  bodily  strength,  in  preference  to  everything  else,  would 
estabhsh  only  the  right  of  the  strongest,  as  it  is  found  to  exist  in  the  origin  of 
society.  To  cultivate  the  faculties  of  the  mind  exclusively,  would  produce  only 
the  weakness  of  sentiment  or  excess  of  passion.  There  is,  for  every  individual,  a 
means  of  making  all  these  dispositions  act  in  harmony  •  and  the  due  blending 
of  physical  and  moral  education  alone  can  produce  it.  Let  it  be  remembered 
that  young  persons  will  much  more  easily  be  withdrawn  from  the  application 
they  ought  to  pay  to  the  study  of  the  sciences,  by  insipid  recreations  and  trifling 
games,  than  by  the  fatiguing  exercises  necessary  for  their  development  and  the 
preservation  of  their  health,  which,  however,  habit  soon  renders  easy  and  de- 
Hghtfiil. 

An  examination  of  the  human  frame  demonstrates  that  it  was  intended 
for  motion  alternately  with  repose,  and  not  for  a  state  of  absolute  quiescence. 
Nor  is  the  mind,   which  is  ftirnished  with  so  many  faculties,  and  provided  "with 


18  \:v  - 

i   so  many  organs  of  sense,  which  serve  to  connect  it  with  the  external  world,  less 

calculated  for  active  exertion.      Any  attempt  to   contravene  the  laws   of  nature, 

!   which  enjoin  a  reasonable  exercise  of  mind  and  body,  brings  a  punishment  upon 

I   the   individual.     The   mind,  which  he    allows    to    be   inactive,  loses   the    capacity 

!   for  exertion  when  required,   and   the   body  becomes  a  prey  to   disease  in  some 

shape  or  form.     Let  it  never  be  forgotten,  however,  that  the  jjhysical  education 

of  the  human   race    ought   not    to   be   alone    confined   to   the   humble    object   of 

preventing  disease.     Its  aim  should  be  loftier  and  more  in  accordance  with  the 

destiny  and  character  of  its  subject — to  raise  man  to  the  summit  of  his  nature; 

and  such  will  be  its  scope  in  future  and  more  enlightened  times. 

The  general  utility  of  exercise,  then,  will  only  be  questioned  by  those 
who  are  not  aware  that  the  health  and  vigor  of  all  the  bodily  organs  depend  on 
the  proportioned  exercise  of  each.  In  active  exertion,  the  member  exercised 
swells  with  the  more  frequent  and  copious  flow  of  blood,  and  greater  abundance 
of  heat  is  developed  in  it ;  and  if  we  repeat  the  same  motions  many  times,  after 
intervals  of  repose,  all  the  muscles  exercised  become  permanently  developed; 
a  perfection  of  action  ensues  in  the  member  exercised,  which  it  d  'd  uot  previously 
possess,  any  deformity  by  which  it  is  affected  is  corrected,  and  strength  and 
activity  are  acquired.  That  man,  therefore,  gains  the  most  strength,  who  engages 
in  muscular  exercises  that  require  the  application  of  much  power,  but  which 
are  sufficiently  separated  by  intervals  of  repose. 

The  nature  of  the  muscular  fiber  need  not  be  discussed  here ;  it  is  enough 
for  us  to  remark,  that^  to  execute  its  functions  properly,  it  must  be  in  a  certain 
state  of  tension,  that  it  may  be  possessed  of  sufficient  elasticity.  A  cord  proceed- 
ing from  a  fixed  point  cannot  influence  a  movable  body  till  it  be  drawn  tight ; 
so  a  muscle  cannot  raise  a  limb  unless  it  possesses  a  certain  degree  of  tightness. 

The  difference  in  the  power  of  muscles  varies  greatly,  according  to  the 
state  of  health,  or  disease,  of  the  individual  If  a  muscle  be  taken  from  an 
animal  in   good   heal  til,   it   will   not   only   bear  a   greater  weight   than   the   same 


muscle  taken  from  an  animal  which  has  long  been  sick,  but  the  former  will  be 
many  days  going  into  decay,  allowing  the  weight  to  drop,  while  the  latter  will 
decay  very  speedily.  To  maintain  the  muscular  fibers  in  the  first  condition,  a 
due  supply  of  blood  and  nervous  energy  is  requisite. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  human  body  is  composed  of  muscle.  If  you  look 
at  the  bare  skeleton,  composed  chiefly  of  hollow  bones,  you  will  see  how  slender 
an  outline  of  the  human  form  it  presents.  The  clothing  of  those  bones,  the 
closing  of  the  cavities,  the  formation  of  the  special  human  outline,  is  the  work 
of  the  muscles ;    the  weight  of  the  individual  depends  chiefly  on  them. 

If  we  could  lay  aside  the  protecting  layer  of  skin  and  fat  which  envelopes 
the  body,  it  would  make  very  little  difference  in  its  size,  and  we  shouild  then 
see  the  muscular  body,  red  and  well  defined,  and  realize  more  fully  how  very 
large  a  proportion  of  the  body  is  formed  by  muscle.  It  is,  as  known  in  the 
flesh  of  animals,  the  lean  meat.  Its  structure  is  regular  and  beautiful;  we  can 
form  no  idea  of  this  structure  from  the  meat  which  we  cut  at  the  table,  because 
we  generally  cut  across  the  gram.  If  we  cut  an  orange  in  two,  transversely, 
we  can  form  little  idea  of  its  structure;  but  if  we  peel  it,  and  split  it  longitudi 
nally,  we  then  see  at  a  glance  the  number  of  parts  which  compose  it,  the 
semi-transparent  membrane  which  incloses  each  division,  the  way  in  which  they 
are  united;  then  if  we  open  one  of  these  divisions  we  find  inside  the  seed,  and 
the  juicy  pulp;  and  even  the  pulp,  now,  will  present  quite  a  different  aspect 
from  the  transverse  section,  for  we  see  that  it  \a  arranged  in  little  bundles  or 
fibers  lying  side  by  side,  and  that  each  bundle  is  itself  incased  in  such  a  delicate 
transparent  membrane,  that  it  tears  and  lets  out  the  juice  with  every  attempt 
to  separate  it.  Thus,  by  carefally  dissecting  the  orange,  we  get  a  totally 
different  idea  of  its  structure,   than  by  simply  cutting  it  through. 

Now,  in  the  same  way,  if  we  could  peel  the  human  being  of  its  skin 
rind,  we  should  find  the  muscles  below  as  well  marked  as  the  sections  of  the  orange ; 
each   muscle   carefully    enveloped   in  its   sheath   of  membrane,    and   lying   across 


or  beside  other  muscles  similarly  enveloped.  The  number  amounts  to  several 
hundred,  spread  all  over  the  body,  infinitely  varied  in  shape  and  size.  Some 
are  so  large  they  almost  cover  the  trunk,  others  so  small  as  to  be  almost 
invisible.  They  are  thick  and  short,  long  and  slender,  according  to  the  view  and 
object   to  be  attained,   and  the  part  where   it   is   to   be  attained. 

Muscles  are  mostly  in  pairs;  and  the  layers  which  cover  the  right  arm, 
correspond  to  those  which  cover  the  left.  So  with  those  on  the  legs,  and  those 
which  cover  the  face,  neck,  and  chest.  They  are  symmetrical  throughout  the 
body,  most  beautifully  so,  and  the  line  of  beauty  is  illustrated  so  perfectly  in  no 
part  of  the  body,  as  in  the  muscles.  This  whole  assemblage  of  muscles,  so  varied, 
and  spreading  over  the  entire  body,  is  the  muscular  system.  Its  grand  object 
is  movement. 

The  principle  on  wHich  exercise  acts  is  evident,  the  immediate  effect  being 
an  increase,  both  in  the  size  and  power  of  the  muscles  exercised,  in  consequence 
of  an  admirable  law  which  obtains  in  living  bodies,  that  (within  certain  Hmits) 
in  proportion  to  the  exertion  which  it  is  required  to  make,  a  part  increases  not 
only  in  strength  and  fitness,  but  also  in  size. 

Instances  of  the  application  of  this  law  may  be  seen  daily,  by  noting 
the  effect  produced  on  a  person  who  takes  regular  special  exercise.  Not  only 
is  he  improved  in  strength  and  dexterity,  but  the  muscles,  brought  into  unusual 
action,  increase  rapidly  in  size  and  vigor,  so  as  soon  to  surpass  those  of  the  rest  of 
the  body  which  have  been  less  employed.  Nor  does  the  beneficial  influence  stop 
here.  If  the  exercise  be  not  carried  so  far  as  to  produce  excessive  fatigue,  all 
other  parts  of  the  body  sympathize  with  the  improving  condition  of  that  which 
is  chiefly  exerted;  the  circulation  excited  from  time  to  time  by  the  exerciso  ac- 
quires new  vigor,  and  the  blood  being  thro's^^l  with  unusual  force  into  all  parts 
of  the  system,  all  the  functions  are  carried  on  with  increased  activity,  an  improve- 
ment in  the  general  health  is  soon  manifested,  and  the  mind  (if  at  the  same  time 


Hi 

judiciously    cultivated)    acquires    strength,    and    is    rendered    more    capabk    of 
prolonged  exertion. 

Having  discoursed  at  some  length  on  the  important  benefits  to  be  derived 
from  physical  culture,  and  the  direct  action  of  exercise  on  the  muscular  system, 
whereby  these  benefits  are  imparted,  we  will  now  describe  some  of  the  special 
means  of  exercise  common  in  this  country,  and  the  particular  advantages  of 
the  Indian   Club  practice,  of  which  this  work  alone  treats. 

Of  the  various  species  of  exercise,  that  of  walking  is  the  most  common^ 
for  obvious  reasons.  The  majority  of  the  American  people,  however,  derive 
its  benefits  fi:om  force  of  necessity,  as  but  a  small  proportion  of  them  do  any 
more  of  it  than  they  are  obliged  to.  Notice  the  cars  and  omnibuses  of  our 
metropolis — the  majority  of  the  occupants  being  persons  of  sedentary  employ- 
ments, suffering  in  bodily  health  for  want  of  sufficient  exercise;  cooped  up  all 
day  at  the  counting-house,  and  then  jammed  into  the  crowded  stage  or  street 
car,  to  breathe  an  air  worse  than  the  black  hole  of  Calcutta.  They  sit  down 
to  dinner — is  it  a  wonder  they  take  to  the  "bitter"  resort  for  an  appetite,  and 
the  "morning  call"  to  relieve  the  pangs  of  dyspepsia? 

Others  are  more  judicious.  Instead  of  bitters,  they  prefer  walking, 
which  they  find  in  the  end  a  cheaper  and  more  effectual  appetizer,  with  a 
consequent  healthful  nutrition. 

But  walking  is  not  a  sufficient  or  proper  amount  of  exercise,  for  persons 
of  sedentary  occupations.  Many  finding  this  to  be  the  case,  and  having  no 
time  or  means  at  hand  to  adopt  any  other,  resort  to  an  undue  amount  of  pedes- 
trianism.  In  the  end  they  find  that  this  does  not  produce  the  results  anticipated, 
that  they  gain  no  increase  of  muscular  power  in  the  chest  and  arms,  and  no 
development  of  these  parts,  so  essential  to  a  graceful  form  and  figure.  In  fact, 
instances  are  of  common  occurrence,  where  the  exercise  of  walking  has  been 
earned   to  such  an  extent  as   to   produce   unproportionate    development   between 


the  upper  and  lower    extremities,   owing    to  the  well-known    physiological   fact 
that   any   undue   exercise   of  particular   muscles,    only  weakens  the   others. 

To  those  accustomed  to  Gymnasiums  and  gymnastic  exercises,  the  truth  of 
this  is  clearly  demonstrated  by  examples  of  disproportionate  development  of 
various  kinds.  In  a  complete  Gymnasium  there  is  found  a  variety  of  gymnastic 
apparatus,  too  numerous  to  specify  here,  constructed  with  reference  to  the 
training  of  the  entire  muscular  system.  The  Gymnast,  in  his  routine  of  exercise, 
after  having  fatigued  one  set  of  muscles,  changes  the  apparatus  to  employ 
another  set,  and  so  on  through  the  various  evolutions  on  poles,  bars,  ladders, 
rings,  &c.,  uniformly  exerting  his  muscular  system,  with  the  object  of  giving 
each  particular  part  or  member  its  proportional  development.  This  is  the 
proper  method  of  exercise,  though  there  are  many  to  be  found,  in  the  gym- 
nastic classes  of  every  Gymnasium,  who  become  devoted  to  some  special  ex- 
ercise, or  particular  feat,  requiring  the  distorted  development  of  some  particular 
set  of  muscles,  to  the  detriment  of  the  rest.  Thus  it  is  common  to  see  dis- 
proportioned  forms,  in  persons  with  arms  that,  in  comparison  with  the  rest  of 
the  figure,  would  suffice  for  legs,  and  legs  disproportioned  to  the  upper 
extremities. 

The  majority  of  newly  enlisted  members  of  our  public  Gymnasiums  are 
young  men,  to  whom  exercise  has  been  prescribed  by  some  physician,  aa  a 
medicine.  It  is  a  noticeable  fact  that  nearly  all  of  them  are  at  first  dispropor- 
tionately developed,  relatively  between  the  upper  and  lower  extremities,  the 
latter  in  nearly  every  case  preponderant.  This  is  easily  accounted  for  fi-om  the 
fact  that  walking  has  been  their  only  exercise.  In  a  short  time,  however,  the 
influence  of  the  parallel  bars,  Indian  Clubs,  and  dumb  bells  begins  to  show 
itself  in  the  expansion  of  the  chest,  swelling  of  the  muscles  on  the  arms,  breast, 
and  loins,  to  their  proper  and  natural  development.  The  pads  of  the  tailor  are 
no  longer  needed,  and  the  shoulders  are  squared  with  sinews  and  muscle,  instead 
of  the  artificial  inventions   of  the    "  ninth  part  of  a  man." 


la 

We  have  other  means  of  exercise  than  the  Gymnasium,  in  our  various 
national  sports,  such  as  base  ball,  boating,  and  other  manly  pastimes;  but 
these  do  not  come  within  the  reach  of  all.  Men  of  business,  or  their  clerks 
and  employes,  have  no  time  to  devote  to  such  amusements,  and  even  if  they 
do  take  a  few  days,  in  the  course  of  a  year,  to  pull  an  oar  or  play  a  game  of 
ball,  the  result  is  invariably  a  strain  of  the  back,  sprain  of  the  ankle,  twist  of  the 
wrist,  or  some  other  mishap,  and  a  week  or  more  following,  of  pain  and  misery. 

The  fact  of  the  case  is,  the  American  people  seem  to  have  no  time  toj 
exercise,  even  if  they  had  the  means  at  hand.  The  Gymnasium  is  always] 
come-at-able,  in  most  of  our  large  cities,  but  the  time  cannot  be  spared  to  attend 
it.  Thus  physical  culture  is  neglected,  for  want  of  time,  as  eating  would  be, 
did  not  the  Almighty  wisely  provide  for  man's  neghgence,  by  warning  him 
with  hunger,  that  he  had  neglected  something.  So  has  he  provided  for  a 
warning  and  punishment  to  those  who  are  neglecting  their  physical  condition, 
which  will  come   sooner  or  later. 

It  has  before  been  stated,  that  as  a  means  of  physical  culture,  the  Indian 
Club  stands  pre-eminent  among  the  varied  apparatus  of  gymnastics  now  in  use. 
This  fact  is  unquestionable,  as  those  who  know  how  to  use  them  are  ready  to 
attest.  For  simplicity  and  convenience,  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any  other 
kind  of  apparatus,  and  half  the  fixtures  of  an  ordinary  Gymnasium  will  not 
produce  such  a  general  development  of  the  muscles  from  the  loins  upwards,  as 
a  pair   of    Clubs. 

To  those,  then,  who  say  they  have  no  time  for  exercise,  we  heartily  recom- 
mend the  Indian  Clubs,  which,  in  connection  with  a  daily  walk  of  a  few  miles, 
will  be  just  exactly  what  is  required  to  secure  physical  perfection  and  muscular 
strength,  without  putting  yourself  to  but  very  little  trouble  to  attain  it.  A 
half  hour  with  the  Clubs,  daily,  morning  and  evening,  or  to  suit  convenience 
it  need  not  be  so  divided,  but  may  all  be  taken  in  the  morning,  or  aU  in  the 
evening,  wiU,  in  connection  with  walking,   keep  the  muscular  system  in  perfect 


19 

condition,  and  thus  insure  perfect  bodily  health.  To  those  who  aspire  to  more 
than  ordinary  development  and  strength,  take  more  than  ordinary  exercise  with 
the  Clubs,   and  you  can  attain  what  you  desire,   to  almost  any  limit. 

Exercise  should  never  be  taken  immediately  after  a  plentiful  meal, 
hor  should  it  be  taken  t©  excess,  particularly  during  hot  weather.  In  the 
former  case  too  much  cerebral  influence  for  the  time  being  expended  in 
muscular  action,  the  amount  of  it  conveyed  to  the  stomach  is  insufficient  for 
the  laborious  function  that  viscus  has  to  perform,  and  indigestion  is  the  conse- 
quence. It  is  possible  to  fatigue  the  body  beyond  a  proper  point,  in  which 
case  repose  becomes  necessary ;  but  this  is  a  rare  occurrence  compared  with 
the  instances  of  insufficient  exercise,  or  where  the  mind  is  stretched  beyond  its 
natural  power  to  bear,  by  the  ambitious  student,  the  covetous  and  care-worn 
merchant,  or  the  adventurer  in  political  life. 

Where  older  people  have  neglected  exercise  it  is  more  difficult  to  induce 
them  to  resume  its  use,  but  some  such  device  as  the  following  may  be  tried* 
"  Ogul,  a  voluptuary  who  could  be  managed  but  with  difficulty  by  his  phy- 
sician, on  finding  himself  extremely  ill  from  indulgence  and  intemperance, 
requested  advice.  '  Eat  a  basilisk  stewed  in  rose  water,'  replied  the  physician. 
In  vain  did  the  slaves  search  for  a  basilisk  until  they  met  with  Zadig,  who, 
approaching  Ogul,  exclaimed,  'Behold  that  which  thou  desirest!  But,  my 
lord,'  continued  he,  'it  is  not  to  be  eaten;  all  its  virtues  must  enter  through 
thy  pores.  I  have  therefore  inclosed  it  in  a  little  ball,  blown  up,  and  covered 
with  a  fine  skin.  Thou  must  strike  the  ball  with  all  thy  might,  and  I  must 
strike  it  back  again,  for  a  considerable  time,  and  by  observing  this  regimen, 
and  'taking  no  other  drink  than  rose  water  for  a  few  days,  thou  wilt  see  and 
acknowledge  the  effects  of  my  art.' 

"The  first  day  Ogul  was  out  of  breath,  and  thought  he  should  have 
died  of  fatigue.  The  second  he  was  less  fatigued,  and  slept  better.  In  eight 
days  he  recovered  all  his  strength.     Zadig  then  said  to  him,  'There  is  no  such 


•Jl) 


ihing  in  nature  as  a  basilisk!  but  thou  hast  taken  exercise,  and  been  temperate, 
and   hast   therefore   recovered   thy   health.'  " 

The  Indian  Clubs  will  be  found  as  useful  for  those  confined  by  the 
weather  within  doors  during  the  winter  months,  as  the  ball  of  Zadig. 

By  no  means  of  exercise  has  such  remarkable  development  of  muscle 
and  strength  been  attained  in  such  a  short  space  of  time,  as  by  the  Indian 
Club  practice.  We  will  cite  a  few  examples  of  this  fact,  and  present  portraitures 
of  several  celebrated  athletes  of  New  York  City,  who  owe  thek  immense 
physical  power  chiefly  to  the  Club  exercise. 

Our  first  portrait  is  that  of  Mr.  J.  Edward  Russell,  a  well-known  amateur 
Gymnast  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Russell  was  born  in  the  city,  and  at  quite  an  early  age  showed  a 
fondness  for  manly  sports.  When  but  a  youth  he  was  celebrated  as  an  expert 
swimmer,  and  attracted  crowds  to  the  Battery  baths,  to  witness  his  performances 
in  swimming.  When  but  fifteen  years  of  age  he  became  a  member  of  the  weU- 
known  Crosby  Street  Gymnasium,  founded  by  Professor  Ottignon,  from  which 
institution  nearly  all  the  noted  Gymnasts  of  this  country  are  graduates.  Young 
Russell  made  remarkable  progress  in  the  various  gymnastic  exercises,  and  was 
particularly  fond  of  the  "Art  of  Self-Defense,"  making  very  rapid  progress  in 
sparring,  under  the  tuition  of  the  renowned  Ottignon,  and  was  his  favorite 
pupil. 

After  the  old  Crosby  Street  Gymnasium  passed  into  other  hands,  and 
the  well-known  and  elegant  Gymnasium  of  Professor  John  Wood  was  erected 
on  Twenty-eighth  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  Mr.  Russell  joined  the  classes  of 
the  latter,  where  he  has  ever  since  been  enrolled  as  a  member.  For  the  past 
lew  years,  being  still  quite  a  young  man,  he  has  been  actively  identified  with 
our  principal  base-ball  and  boat  clubs,  and  is  always  on  hand  when  any  hard 
work   is   to   be   done. 


J.    EDWARD    RUSSELJ- 


22 

Mr.  Russell's  favorite  exercise  is  the  Indian  Clubs,  in  which  he  excels, 
having  won  the  Champion  Medal,  at  the  great  Gymnastic  Tourney,  at  Irving 
Hall,  on  the  first  of  May,  1866,  presented  to  the  best  performer  with  the 
Indian  Clubs,  by  Mr.  Kehoe.  The  Club  exercise  was  the  principal  feature  of 
the  evening's  entertainments,  and  several  celebrated  experts  with  the  Clubs 
competed  for  the  medal  and  the  championship.  The  decision  of  the  judges 
was  unanimously  in  favor  of  Mr.  Russell,  and  to  him  was  awarded  the  medal, 
which  is  an  elegant  afiair,  of  which  the  holder  may  justly  be  proud.  It  is  of 
solid  gold,  and  the  work  of  Tiffany  &  Co.,  of  New  York.  The  following 
engraving   is  a  fac-simile  of  it. 


Medal  presented  to  Mr.  J.   Edward  Eussell — winner  of  the  Club  Tourney,  at 
Irving  Hall,  May  1,  1866,  and  Champion  of  America — by  S.  D.  Kehoe. 


Mr.  Russell  is  a  gentleman  much  respected  by  all  who  know  him,  and 
is  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  Though  an  ardent  admirer  of,  and  adept 
in,  all  the  manly  sports,  he  is  in  no  way  classed  as  a  professional.  On  several 
occasions  he  has  refused  tempting  offers  to  enter  into  professional  engagements, 
preferring  the  uncertainties  of  Wall  Street. 


25 

Our  next  portrait  will  be  recognized  by  all  who  have  ever  seen  the 
good-natured  and  jovial  face  of  Mr.  Timothy  Dermody,  the  well-known  Professor 
of  the   Club  exercise. 

Mr.  Dermody  has  attained  a  physical  development  rarely  equaled,  from 
a  constant  practice  with  the  Clubs  during  the  past  four  or  five  years.  He  has 
also  been  instrumental  in  introducing  the  beauties  of  the  exercise  to  a  great 
extent  in  New  York  City,  and  has  always  been  found  ready  and  wilhng  to 
impart  information  on  the  subject.  The  Professor  has  a  few  movements  of  his 
own  arrangement,  that  are  particularly  difficult,  and  require  almost  superhuman 
strength  in  their  execution.     In  many  of  the  exercises  he  has  no  equal. 

Mr.  Dermody  is  in  the  prime  of  life — a  fine  specimen  of  muscular  activity, 
and  one  of  the  first  and  foremost  in  our  manly  recreations.  In  point  of  physical 
development  he  has  attained  rare  perfection.  His  muscular  system  exhibits  a 
general  development  of  a  high  order,  and  though  not  in  complete  training, 
his  appearance  would  indicate  that  he  was. 

Like  Mr.  Russell,  Mr.  Dermody  is  also  engaged  in  business  pursuits, 
at  present  merchandising  in  Brooklyn.  Though  we  have  styled  him  "Professor," 
he  does  not  make  the  manly  sports  a  profession,  but  only  a  pastime,  and  his 
instructions   in   the    Club   exercise   have   always   been   imparted   gratis. 

The  Club  exercise,  as  practiced  by  Mr.  Russell  and  Mr.  Dermody,  differ 
somewhat  in  style,  the  former  being  particularly  proficient  in  the  entire  practice, 
and  all  the  difficult  movements,  with  Clubs  of  medium  weight,  while  the  latter 
executes  several  very  difficult  movements,  peculiar  to  himself,  with  Clubs  of 
heavy  weight.  We  may  take  occasion  here  to  remark,  that  there  are  personages 
of  Club  notoriety,  who,  by  falsely  representing  the  weight  of  the  Clubs  they 
use,  have  led  the  public  to  understand  that  it  is  a  common  thing  to  use  Clubs 
weighing  firom  thirty  to  fifty  pounds  each.  A  pair  of  Clubs  weighing  thirty 
pounds  each  is  rarely  used,  and  there  are  but  one  or  two  men  in  this  country 
who  can  perform  more  than  a   few  simple  movements  with  thirty  pound   Clubs. 


TIMOTHY    DERMODY. 


If  any  one  thinks  he  can  reftite  this  statement,  and  has  seen  performances  where 
greater  weights  have  been  used,  let  him,  on  the  next  occasion,  weigh  the  Clubs 
himself,  instead  of  taking  the  figures  for  granted,  that  may  be  given  or  marked 
on  them. 

It  is  a  general  failing — if  it  may  be  called  a  faiUng — for  the  athlete  to 
be  proud  of  his  strength,  and  to  be  in  no  wise  backward  in  exhibiting  it  at 
every  favorable  opportunity.  This  is  all  right  and  proper,  provided  no  deception 
is  used,  which,  we  are  sorry  to  say,  is  too  often  the  case,  and  the  conscience, 
with  the  weight  of  the  Club  and  dumb  bells,  is  easily  stretched.  Scripture  says, 
"The  glory  of  a  young  man  is  his  strength;"  but  it  also  says,  "A  false  balance 
is   an   abomination  to  the   Lord,  but  a  just  weight  is  his  dehght." 

Perhaps  no  institution  on  the  face  of  the  globe  has  turned  out  any  "better 
GjTnnasts  or  stronger  men  than  the  Olympic  Club  of  San  Francisco,  California; 
yet  they  lay  no  claim  to  such  remarkable  performances  as  we  see  recorded 
daily,  in  reports  of  gymnastic  exhibitions  and  athletic  entertainments,  in  other 
States.  At  a  recent  exhibition,  given  by  the  members  of  this  Club,  Mr.  Charles 
Bennett,  who  is  termed  the  "young  California  Hercules,"  used  twenty  pound 
Clubs  in  a  variety  of  movements,  and  held  fifty-two  pounds  in  each  hand,  at 
arm's  length,  with  ease.  These  are  both  excellv;nt  feats  of  strength,  and  would 
puzzle  many  of  our  thirty  pound  Club  swingers,  and  hea^y  dumb  bell   men. 

Mr.  Charles  A.  Quitzow,  the  subject  of  our  next  sketch,  is  a  well-known 
amateur  Gymnast,  of  Brooklyn.  Mr.  Quitzow,  and  Mr.  Avon  C.  Bumham,  the  pr  opri- 
etor  of  the  new  Brooklyn  Gymnasium,  are  among  the  pioneers  of  Gym  \asii  s  in 
that  city,  and  were  brother  athletes  some  fifteen  years  ago.  Those  who  may 
have  attended  the  old  Brooklyn  Gymnasium  will  recollect  the  excellent  doable 
posturing   act   performed   by   them. 

Mr.  Quitzow  has  always  been  passionately  fond  of  gymnastics,  and  excelled 
as  a  Gymnast.     He  was   among   the  first  in   adopting  the  Indian  Club  practice. 


and  although  for  the  past  four  or  five  years  he  has  neglected  the  Gymnasium, 
he  retains  remarkable  strength,  and  handles  a  pair  of  thirty  pound  Clubs  with 
ease.  Mr.  Quitzow  is  a  New  York  merchant,  and  his  physique  bears  testimony 
to  the  benefits  derived  from  exercise,  and  the  magic  effects  of  using  the  Indian 
Clubs. 

Our  last  sketch  will  be  that  of  Mr.  Fred.  Kiiner,  a  young  New  York 
artist.  Though  but  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  has  attained  a  development 
of  remarkable  perfection,  exclusively  with  the  Indian  Clubs,  he  rarely  taking  any 
other  exercise.  Mr.  Kiiner  is  an  example  of  proportional  development,  and 
is  a  model  of  manly  form.  Many  New  Yorkers  will  remember  the  celebrated 
statue  of  the  Indian  Hunter,  lately  on  exhibition  on  Broadway.  The  artist 
of  this  beautiful  work  of  art  was  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Kiiner,  who 
served  as  a  model,  in  the  study  of  the  anatomy  of  the  figure,  which  is,  perhaps, 
the  finest  piece  of  anatomical  modeling  ever  executed  in  this  country. 

To  those  who  are  skeptical  regarding  the  efficiency  of  the  Clubs  as  a 
means  of  exercise,  independent  of  other  means,  we  would  refer  to  Mr.  Kimer, 
as  to  what  results  may  be  attained  by  proper  and  regular  practice. 


\ 


nTTAKT.F.  S    A.    yniTZOW 


F  "R  E  1    1    I    [      I      I    I    N  E  P 


INTRODUCTORY  TO  THE  EXERCISES, 


DESCRIPTION     01     THE     CLUB. 

The  Indian  Club  exercise,  as  practiced  at  the  present  day  in  the  diflferent 
Gymnasiums  and  institutions  of  physical  training  throughout  the  country,  is 
properly  di^dded  into  two  distinct  kinds:  one  with  the  short  and  light  Club, 
or  Bat,  and  the  other  with  the  long  Club,  or  Indian  Club  proper.  The  author 
does  not  deem  it  necessary  to  introduce  the  exercises  for  the  light  Club  in 
this  work,  as  they  are  only  adapted  for  invalids  and  children.  To  those  who 
need  them  we  would  refer  to  a  work  on  "  Light  Gymnastics,"  by  Dr.  Dio  Lewis, 
of  Boston,  Mass. 

It  will  therefore  be  understood,  that  the  exercises  in  this  work  are 
exclusively  for  the  long  Clubs.  They  are  used  in  pairs,  and  vary  in  length 
from  twenty-four  to  twenty-eight  inches,  and  in  weight,  commonly,  from  four 
to  twenty  pounds  each,   or  from  eight  to  forty  pounds  to  the  pair. 

The  shape  of  the  Club  may  be  seen  in  any  of  the  illustrations,  but  it 
varies  somewhat,  in  accordance  with  the  weight.  This  is  necessary  to  give  it 
a  proper  balance,  and  the  general  proportions  are  of  particular  importance, 
as  the  movements  are  rendered  more  easy  and  graceftd  than  they  would  be 
if  attempted  with   an   ill-proportioned,   shapeless   Club. 

WEIGHT     FOR    BEGINNERS. 

The  proper  weight  for  beginners  depends,  of  course,  Xipon  condition 
and  strength,  but  can  be  approximately  arrived  at  as  follows-  As  a  general 
rule,    the   proper  weight  may  be    determined   by  holding   a   pair  horizontally  at 


30 

^he  side,  at  arm's  length,  letting  them  down  to  a  perpendicular,  and  raising 
them  again,  several  times,  grasping  them  at  the  extremity  of  the  handles. 
If  this  cannot  be  done  after  several  trials,  the  Club  is  too  heavy,  and  a  lighter 
pair  must  be  tried,  until  you  obtain  a  fit. 

The  majority  of  beginners,  and  even  somewhat  advanced  Gymnasts—  !; 
if  they  have  never  used  the  Club — will  find  that  fi:om  six  to  ten  pounds  is  '' 
sufficient  weight  to  start  with.  It  is  almost  a  universal  mistake  in  trying  to 
use  Clubs  that  are  too  heavy.  It  must  be  understood  that  it  is  not  sufficient 
to  be  able  to  execute  a  few  simple  evolutions  with  a  Club,  and  then  consider 
yourself  a  graduate;  for  the  real  benefit  can  only  be  derived  from  a  protracted 
exercise  of  difficult  movements  and  artistic  combinations,  calculated  to  bring 
into  play  every  known  muscle — and  to  discover  many  unknown  ones — from 
the   loins   upwards. 

It  is  therefore  recommended  that  the  novice  commence  with  a  weight 
that  he  can  easily  manage,  and  with  which  he  can  execute  the  preliminary 
exercises.  As  he  progresses,  the  weight  may  be  increased,  in  proportion  as 
the  strength  develops. 

HOLDING     THE     CLUB. 

It  is  a  very  important  matter  to  learn  to  hold  the  Club  properly,  as  a 
careless  or  negligent  manner  of  grasping  the  handle  will  prevent  the  attainment 
of  a  graceful  style  of  swinging,  as  weU  as  endanger  some   bystander's  head. 

Take  good  care  to  grasp  the  handle  firmly,  close  to  the  ball,  extending 
the  thumb  along  the  shank,  which  you  will  find  enables  you  to  control  its  move- 
ment, and  prevent  it  from  wandering  out  of  the  direction  you  desire  it  to  go. 
This  is  the  general  hold,  where  the  thumb  can  be  used  to  guide  the  movements. 

In  the  Moulinets — a  bent  arm  and  wrist  movement — it  will  hereafter 
be   shown   that   it   is   necessary   to   relax  .  the   grasp,   holding   the    Club   entirely 


between    the    thumb    and    forefinger    during    a,    part    of    the    movement^     but 
regaining   a   complete   hold   again   on   the   finisL 

POSITION 

Before  entering  into  the  details  of  the  exercises,  it  is  of  the  utmost 
importance   to   attend   to  what   is   termed   position. 

The  first  question  of  importance  on  this  subject  is,  What  position  of  the 
feet  affords  the  greatest  sohdity  in  standing?  It  is  not  necessary  to  enter  into 
a  detail  of  the  numerous  controversies  by  which  some  have  defended  or  repu- 
diated the  position  with  the  toes  turned  outward;  it  will  be  sufficient  to  state 
ihe  fact,  that  the  larger  the  base  of  support,  the  firmer  and  more  solid  will 
the  position  be,  and  to  adopt  as  a  fundamental  one,  the  military  position,  which 
ha,s  been  found  practically  the  best,  by  those  who  have  nothing  else  to  do  but 
to  walk. 

The  equal  squareness  of  the  body  and  shoulders  to  the  fi-ont  is  the  first 
great  principle  of  position.  The  heels  must  be  in  a  line,  and  closed;  the  knees 
straight;  the  toes  turned  out,  with  the  feet  forming  an  angle  of  sixty  degrees; 
the  arms  hanging  close  to  the  body;  the  elbows  turned  in,  and  close  to  the 
Bides;  the  body  upright,  but  inclining  forward,  so  that  the  weight  of  it  may 
bear  principally  upon  the  balls  of  the  feet;  the  head  erect,  and  eyes  straight 
to  the  front. 

There  are  two  positions  of  the  Clubs  which  wo  will  now  proceed  to 
describe,  which  are  the  starting-points  of'  the  various  movements  in  the 
exercises. 

THE    FIRST    POSITION. 

With  a  Club  in  each  hand,  grasping  the  handle  according  to  the  fore- 
going instructions,  assume  the  military  position,  with  the  Clubs  hanging  pendant 
at  the  side.     (See  Figure  5.)      This  is  the  first   position. 


i'HE    SECOND    POSITION, 

From  the  first  position,  raise  both  Clubs  to  a  perpendicular,  holding 
them  directly  in  front  of  the  body,  the  hands  the  height  of  and  opposite  to 
the  shoulder,  and  about  six  inches  in  front.  Hold  both  Clubs  exactly  parallel 
and  perpendicular.  (See  position  of  left  Club,  Figure  13.)  This  is  the  second 
position 

These  two  positions  will  often  be  referred  to  in  the  following  explanations. 

CONCLUSION. 

Before  commencing  with  the  exercises,  it  only  remains  for  us  to  refer 
to  the  time  and  circumstances  of  exercise,  as  has  been  previously  directed  m 
the  "  General  Remarks  on  Physical  Culture,"  remembering  that  your  progress 
will  depend  on  the  observance  of  those  rules.  A  belt,  or  cincture,  is  of  utility, 
a.nd   though  not   absolutely  required,  it  would    be  well  to  be  provided  with  one. 


THE  ALPHABET  OF  THE  CLUB  EXERCISE. 


To  readily  comprehend  and  execute  the  different  movements  described 
1  the  exercises,  it  will  be  necessary  to  commence  at  first  principles,  and  learn 
18  Alphabet  of  Clubs — which  consists  of  eight  different  movements,  to  be 
xecuted  with  the  right  or  left  hand,  with  a  single  Club.  The  various  figures, 
nd  apparently  difificult  and  complicated  movements,  that  are  executed  by 
xperts  in  Club  swinging,  are  only  combinations  of  these  eight  motions,  which 
lay  be  transformed  and  arranged,  producing  an  endless  variety  of  beautiful 
ud   graceful   exercises. 

THE     ALPHABET. 

The   following   are   the   eight   distinct   movements   of  the   Alphabet: 

1st.    Inner  Front  Circle.  5th.   Inner  Side  Circle. 

2d.    Outer  Front  Circlk.  6th.  Outer  Side  Circle. 

3d.    Inner  Back  Circle.  7th.    Inner  Moulinet. 

4th.  Outer  Back  Circle.  8th.    Outer  Moulinet. 

Two  of  these  inovemciits — the  first  and  second — are  executed  in  front 
f  the  body;  two — the  third  and  fourth — back  of  the  body;  and  the  remaiu- 
ig   four   at    the   side. 

Strictly  classing  the  movements  of  the  Alphabet,  there  are  but  four  totally 
ifferent ;  for  the  only  difference  between  outer  and  inner  circles  is  simply  i 
everse   of  the   direction    of  the   sweep. 

We   will   now   i)roceed   to    describe   them   separately. 


34 

THE    INNER    IRONT    CIRCLE. 

With  a  Club  in  each  hand,   assume  the  first  position.     (See   Figure  5.) 

Toe  a  line  or  crack  in  the  floor,  as  a  guide  for  direction,  and  reference  for  the  explanations. 

Carry  the  right  hand  Club  to  the  left,  in  a  direction  parallel  to  the  floor  line,  and  describe  ! 
cwmplete  sweeps  or  circles  in  front  of  the  body,   at  arm's  length. 

Kepeat  successively  several  times. 

Execute  the  same  movement  with  the  left  hand,  carrying  the  Club  toward  the  right. 
Though  in  this  case  the  direction  is  reversed,   it  is  nevertheless  an   Inner  Front  Circle 

THE     OUTER    FRONT     CIRCLE. 

From  the  first  position,  carry  the  right  hand  Club  outwardly  to  the  right,  and  in  a  direction 
parallel  to  the  floor  line,  describe  the  Outer  Front  Circle,  which  is  simply  a  reverse  of  the  Inner 
Front. 

Execute  the  Outer  Front  with  the  left  hand,  carrying  the  Club  outwardly  to  the  left,  and 
describmg  a  reverse  sweep   from  that  of  the   Inner  Front,  with  the  left  hand. 

Repeat  these  movements  separately,  and  perfectly  familiarize  yourself  with  the  distinction 
between  the  Outer  and  Inner  Front  Circles. 

THE    INNER    BACK    CIRCLE. 

We  now  come  to  a  movement  of  a  different  character.  Instead  of  a  sweep  in  front  of 
the  body,  with  arms  at  full  length,  the  Back  Circles  are  described  behind  the  body,  with  the 
arms  bent. 

Assume  the  second  position,  raising  the  Clubs  perpendicularly  in  front  of  the  body,  with 
the  hands  the  height  of,  and  six  inches  in  front  of,  the  shoulders.  The  position  for  both  hands 
wUl  be   the   same  as   that   given  for  the   left  hand  in   Figure    13. 

Commence  the  movement  by  carrying  the  Club  in  the  right  hand  upward  and  backward, 
to  the  left,  over  the  head,  (to  position  shown  in  Figure  12,)  and  in  the  same  movement  letting  it 
drop  downward,  describing  a  circle.  The  hand  will  remain  just  behmd  the  shoulder,  and  its 
position  but  little  changed  in  the  movement. 

Execute  the  same  with  the  left  hand,  starting  the  movement  as  «shown  in  Figure  12,  by 
the  dotted  arm   and  Club,   B, 

Endeavor  to  swing  the  Club  squarely,  and  let  the  evolutions  be  perpendicular,  and  parallel 
^  the  floor  line. 


THE     OUTER     BACK     CIRCLE. 

The  only  diflference  between  this  movement  and  the  Inner  Back,  is  that  the  direction  is 
reversed,  and  instead  of  dropping  the  Club  inwardly,  from  the  positions  shown  in  Figure  12, 
it    is   carried  outwardly,   in   the   direction   shown  by  the   dotted  Club,  Figure    13. 

From  the  second  position,  carry  the  Club  in  the  right  iiand  to  the  position  above 
referred  to,  (Figure  13,)  and  let  it  fall  outward  and  downward,  in  the  direction  A,  describing 
a  circle  just    the   reverse   of  the    Inner   Back. 

Execute  the  Outer  Back  with  the  left  hand — the  position  of  which,  at  the  commencement 
of  the   movement,    may   be    seen   in    Figure    14 — letting  the   Club   drop  in   the    direction  A. 

THE     INNER     SIDE     CIRCLE. 

Assume  the  first  position. 

The  Side  Circles  are  to  be  described  at  the  sides  of  the  body,  and  directly  across 
and   at  right   angles   with   the   floor   line. 

Carrj'  the  Club  in  the  right  hand  directly  backward,  and  at  arm's  length  describe  a  com- 
plete circle   at  the  side,   and  crossing  the  floor  line. 

Favor  the  movement  by  turning  the  body  slightly  as  the  Club  goes  backward,  and  endeavor 
to  execute  the  circle  fairly  and  squarely. 

With  the  left  hand  repeat  the  same  movement,  in  the  same  manner. 

THE     OUTER     SIDE     CIRCLE. 

Reverse  the  preceding  movement. 

From  the  first  position,  carry  the  Club  m  the  right  hand  forward  and  outward,  and  complete 
the  circle. 

Execute  the  movement  with  the  left  hand. 

THE     INNER     M  0  U  L  I  N  E  T. 

This  movement  is  properly  a  side  circle,  but  is  executed  with  the  bent  arm,  instead  of 
full  length  sweeps.  It  is  called  the  Moulinet,  from  its  being  like  a  movement  in  the  broad- 
iword  exercise,  so  named. 

"With   a  Club   in  each  hand,  assume  the   second  position. 

Now  let  the  Club  in  the  right  hand  fall  directly  forward  and  outward  from  the  body, 
at  the  same  time  relaxing  the  grasp,  and    allowing  it    to    turn   freely  between    the    thumb  and 


rorefinger,   as  it  passes  to  the  side   and  backward.     Thu,:.  describe   a  side   circle,   with  as  little^ 
movement  of  the   arm   as  possible,  doing   most   of  the   work   with  the   wrist. 

Execute  this  movement  with  the  left  hand. 

THE    OUTER    MOULINET. 

This  is  a  reverse  (f  the  Inner  Moulinet,  and  will  require  some  little  practice  to  execute] 
smoothly. 

From  the  second  position,  let  the  Club  in  the  right  hand  fall  backward,  and  by  a  twistj 
of  the  wrist  carry  it  entirely   around,   in   a  direction  the  reverse  of  the   Inner  Moulinet. 

Try   the   same   with  the  left  hand. 

After  having  become  familiar  with  the  foregoing  eight  movements,  so 
as  to  execute  them  with  some  degree  of  correctness,  you  may  commence  the 
Exercises. 


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Exex'JDi^B   Bii.   I. 


TMs  is  a  simpiG  extension  movement,  and  is  easily  understood  hj 
■leferriKg   to    the   figure. 

i».5sume  the  first  position.  Raise  the  Clubs  slowly,  crossing  them  in 
front,    ^^see    figure,)    with    the    pain  ^    of  the    hands    outwards. 

Extend  the  arms  outwardly,  as  far  as  possible,  without  changing  the 
posfion  of  the  hands,  and  raise  the  right  hand  Club  slowly  upward,  to  the 
posUion    shown   in   the   figure   by    the    dotted   lines. 

Execute   the    same   movement    with    the   left   hand. 

Do  all  this  slowly,  noticing  the  position  of  fJi-;  hani:  in  the  figure, 
^oep   the    Clubs   always   perpendicular 

Eiejvvit  until  fatigued. 


ExBt:ci8B  Bft»  2. 


This   is   an   extension    movement   also. 

Assume   the   first   position,    then   the   second. 

Carry  the  Clubs  to  the  position  shown  in  the  figure,  and  then  raise 
and   lower   them   slowly,    as   shown    by   the    dotted    lines. 

Keep  both  Clubs  in  a  horizon uil   position,  and   parallel  to   the  floor  iin(; 

Repeat   slowly   until   fatigaed. 

A  variation  of  this  exercise  may  be  had  by  endeavoring  to  turn  the 
Clubs  backwai'd,  so  that  their  eD.ds  may  touch,  and  not  bring  the  hands  any 
aear^   together  than  is  shown  jr    the  Ijg'^re. 

40 


/ 


Figure    2. 


Exercise  Mn,  3. 


I 


Take   the   second   position. 

Carry  the  Clubs  at  arm's  length  to  the  side,  holding  them  perpendicu 
larly,   as   shown   in  the  figure. 

Grasp  the  handle  firmly,  and  fully  extend  the  arm.  Let  it  fall  slowly, 
until  the  base  touches  the  shoulder,  describing  the  curve  A  B,  in  the  direc- 
tion  indicated   in   the   figure. 

Do  this  with  both  Clubs  simultaneously,  and  raise  them  slowly  to  a 
perpendicular   again,    keeping   the   arms   fully   extended. 

In  letting  the  Club  down  to  the  should'er,  you  must  relax  the  grasp, 
in  order  to  keep  the  arm  perfectly  straight,  which  you  will  find  impossible 
to   do   otherwise. 

Now,  firom  the  position  in  the  figure,  let  the  Clubs  downward  slowly, 
to  the  front,  in  the  direction  indicated  in  the  diagram,  until  they  hang 
perpendicularly,  as  the  dotted  Club,  C.  In  this  movement  the  hold  need 
not   be   relaxed. 

Raise  them  again  to  the  former  position,  and  repeat  the  movement 
until   fatigued. 

A  variation  of  this  exercise  may  be  had,  by  letting  them  faU  backward 
until   they   hang   perpendicularly,    raising   them   to   the   first   position   again. 

These  movements  are  particularly  beneficial  in  strengthening  the  wrisl^ 
and   will  assist  you   materially  in   executing   the   Moulinets. 

42 


F  T  0  II  R  E     3 


Exercise  Mn.  4, 


We    will   now   proceed    to    execute    a   swinging    movement. 
With    a    Club   in    the    right   hand,   assume    the    first    i)osition. 

Carry  the  Club  upward  and  backward  to  the  position  A,  shown  in  the 
figure,  which  is  the  starting  point   of  the   movement. 

Now  swing  it  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  dotted  line,  carrying 
it  upward,  forward,  and  sideway,  to  the  position  B,  shown  by  the  dotted 
Club.     This  movement  is  in  front   of  the  body,    and  backward    to  the  left  side. 

Return  the  Club  by  the  same  sweep,  as  indicated  by  the  arrows,  B  B  B, 
to    position  A  again.  ^ 

Repeat  the  movement,  and  keep  the  arm  extended  as  much  as  possible, 
assuming    the    attitude    shown    by    the    figure. 

When   fatigued    with    the   right   hand,    change    to    the    left. 

This  exercise  will  enable  you  to  learn  to  balance  yourself,  and  to 
become    familiar    with    the    weight    of  the    Club. 

44 


^ 


Fior  n  F    4 


Exet^cise  Bft.  5, 


This  is  a  combination  of  the  half  Side  and  half  Front  Circles.  They 
should   be    executed   with   the   arms   and    Clubs   fully    extended. 

Starting  from  the  first  position,  (see  figure,)  raise  them  sideway  and 
apward,  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  curved  line  and  arrows,  A  B, 
until   they   reach   the   position   shown   by   the    dotted    Clubs. 

You   have    now   described   a   half  Outer   Front    Circle,    with    each   hand. 

Return  them  to  the  first  position  again,  on  the  same  line  (A  B)  as 
indicated   in   the   figure.     This   is   the   half  Inner   Front    Circle. 

Now  carry  them  upward  to  the  front,  with  the  arms  fully  extended, 
following  the  direction  indicated  by  the  dotted  lines  in  the  figure,  C.  D. 
This  is  the   half  Outer  Front  Circle. 

Return  them  to  first  position  again,  by  the  same  line  (C  D.)  This 
is   the   half  Inner   Front    Circle. 

The   exercise    may   be    varied,    thus : 

Raise  the   Club   by  the   line   A    B,   and   return   to  first  position  by  C  D. 

Endeavor  to   execute  these  movements   fairly  and   smoothly,   swinging  the 
Clubs   square   to    the   front,    and   to   the    side    on   a   line  with   the   floor   line. 

46 


/ 


^.-•■■' 


/ 


F  I  0  U  B  1     b. 


ExercisB  Mn,  6> 


This  exercise  is  a  combination  of  the  half  Outer  Back  and  half  Outer 
Front   Circles,    involving   rather   an   intricate    change   from   one   to   the    other. 

From  the  first  position,  raise  the  Club  in  the  right  hand,  horizontally, 
at   arm's   length,    as   shown   in   the   figure. 

Now  let  it  fall  backward  and  downward  at  the  same  time,  bending  the 
arm  and  somewhat  relaxing  the  grasp,  allowing  it  to  describe  the  circle  shown 
by  the  dotted  hne,  ABC,  arriving  at  the  position  indicated  by  the  dotted 
Club,   backward,   over  the  head.     This   is   a   half  Outer   Back   Circle. 

Now  change,  and  execute  the  half  Outer  Front  Circle,  by  bringing  the 
Club  quickly  forward,  to  clear  the  body  well  in  front.  When  this  is  done, 
let  it  fall  in  the  direction  D  E  F,  and  carry  it  horizontally  to  A  again,  which 
is   the   half  Outer  Front   Circle,    and   completes   the   movement. 

Some  difficulty  will  be  experienced,  at  first,  in  executing  this  movement 
smoothly,  but  by  noticing  the  natural  turn  of  the  arm,  in  executing  the  half 
Outer  Back,   you  will  master  it  after  a  few  trials. 

On  arriving  at  the  point  C,  bring  the  Club  quickly  forward,  aU  in  the 
same  motion,  ready  to  return  it  to  the  point  A  again  by  the  half  Outer  Front. 

Repeat   until   you   can    do  it   smoothly,  before    trying  with  the  left  hand. 

Try  and  execute  this  movement  double,  simultaneously  with  the  right 
and  left  hand,  commencing  with  the  Outer  Back  Cfrcle  by  the  right,  simul- 
taneously with  the  Outer  Front  Circle  by  the  left,  following  with  the  Outer 
Back  Circle  by  the  left,  simultaneously  with  the  Outer  Front  Circle  by  the 
right. 

4S 


I 


;  ^ 


Figure    6. 


ExBj^cise  Mn.  7. 


This  is  the  Moulinet — so  named  from  its  resemblance  to  the  movement 
in   the   broadsword   exercise. 

Starting  from  the  second  position,  throw  the  Clubs  forward,  at  arm's 
length,  directly  in  front  of  the  body,  keeping  them  parallel,  and  apart  about 
the  width  of  the  loins.  Let  them  fall  downward  in  the  direction  A,  indicated 
in  the  figure,  allowing  them  to  turn  freely  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger, 
by  relaxing  the  grasp.  Bend  the  arms,  closing  the  elbows  in  toward  the 
body,  and  they  will  move  easily  in  the  direction  shown  in  the  figure,  by 
the   dotted   Clubs. 

Do  not  pause  in  the  movement,  but  continue  the  circle  in  the  direction 
B  C,  and  repeat,  endeavoring  to  get  the  peculiar  twist  of  the  wrist,  and 
turn   of  the   elbow,  as   perfect   as   possible. 

It   will   be   found,   by   a   little   practice,   that  the  movement  is  not  at  all 

difficult,   but   depends   on   relaxing    the   grasp   and    throwing   in   the   elbows  at 

the    proper   time,    that    the    circle    may    be    described   fairly   and    squarely,  as 
indicated   in   the   figure. 

Endeavor  to  execute  the  Outer  Moulinet  with  both  Clubs,  the  direc- 
tion  of  which  is  the   exact  reverse   of  this  movement, 


F  lO  ORB 


ExBi^cise  Mn.  8* 


V. 


This  exercise  combines  both  the  Inner  and  Outer  Side  Circles,  complete. 

From  the  first  position,  throw  both  Clubs  forward  and  upward  over 
the   shoulders,   into   the    position   shown   in   the   figure. 

Now  swing  them  together  upward  and  forward  again,  following  the 
dotted  lines,  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  arrows,  describing  the  complete 
circle   ABC. 

On    carrying    the    Clubs    backward    to    the    point    C,   it   will    be  found 

necessary  to   bend  the   body   slightly  forward,   turning   the  palms  of  the  hands 

upward.     Keep    the    arms    perfectly    stifi"    and    straight,    and    move,   the  Clubs- 
evenly   together. 

From  the  point  C,  reverse  the  movement,  and  carry  them  back  agaia 
to   the   point   A7    as   indicated   in   the   figure. 

These  two  movements  are  the  Inner  and  Outer  Side  Circles — the  first 
being   the   Inner,    and   the   second   the  Outer. 

In  letting  the  Clubs  fall  backward,  throw  the  chest  out  and  well  forward, 
carrying  the  elbows  well  back,  and  letting  them  fall  as  low  as  possible, 
han^g   perpendicularly.      Repeat   until   you   do   it   well. 


A 

1    \ 

!               \                         i 
!             \                    ! 

i            I              ; 

\ 

1  1 

•B               1 

'\ 

FlQUBB     8. 


ExBt^cisB  Mn.  9. 


This  exercise  is  for  the  single  Club,  and  you  may  take  as  heavy  a 
one  as  you  can  use,  or  about  double  the  weight  of  those  used  in  pairs — 
say   from   ten   to   twenty   pounds. 

The  dotted  lines  and  arrows  in  the  figure  will  explain  the  movement 
foUy. 

Start  from  the  second  position,  at  A,  and  carry  the  Club  upward  and 
over   the   shoulder   to   position    B. 

Next  carry  it  up  and  forward,  in  the  direction  C  D,  and  as  far  back- 
ward as  E,  returning  it  to  the  second  position  again,  by  the  line  F  G  H, 
as  indicated   by   the   arrows   in   the  figure. 

Assume  the  position  shown  by  the  figure,  throwing  the  chest  and 
shoulders   forward. 

Repeat  the  movement  until  fatigued,  commencing  with  either  arm,  and 
alternating   right   and   left. 

64 


Figure    9. 


Exercise  Btx*  10. 


This  is  a  combination  of  the  Inner  and  Outer  Moulinets  with  a  half 
Inner    and    Outer    Side   Circle. 

Commencing  from  the  second  position,  (shown  in  the  figure  by  the 
dotted  Club,)  carry  the  Clubs  JDehind  the  shoulders,  to  the  position  given  in 
the  figure.  From  this  point  the  movement  commences,  which  is  a  very  pretty 
one,  and  will  require  a  little  j)i'3-ctice  to  execute  it  smoothly,  particularly 
the    Outer   Moulinet.     Move    both    Clubs    together,    and   uniformly. 

From  the  point  A,  swing  both  Clubs  upward  and  forward,  in  the 
direction  indicated  by  the  line  and  arrows,  ABC,  and  then  describe  a  Front 
Moulinet,  which  will  bring  them  round  by  the  dotted  line  to  D.  Continue 
the  movement  in  the  direction  D  E,  describing  the  half  Inner  Side  Circle, 
which   ends   at   F,    arid   completes   half  the    exercise. 

Now  return  them  in  the  direction  G — on  the  same  line — first  describing; 
a  half  Outer  Side  Circle,  and  then  the  reverse  Moulinet,  following  the  dotted 
line   back   to    position    A   again. 

The  reverse  of  the  Inner  Moulinet  will  be  found  somewhat  difiicult, 
but    a  little    patience    and    practice    wiU    master   it. 

Endeavor  to  execute  the  movements  smoothly,  with  the  Clubs  together, 
and    paral'el,    and    apart  sufficiently   to    clear    the    body    nicely. 

56 


F I  a  u  B  F    10. 


ExBt^Dise  Mn.  XX. 


This  movement  is  a  combination  of  the  Inner  and  Outer  Side  Circles, 
the  Inner  being  done  with  one  arm,  simultaneously  with  the  Outer  by  the 
other. 

From  the  first  position,  carry  the  Club  in  the  right  hand  forward,  and 
that  in  the  left  backward,  as  shown  in  the  figure,  the  right  describing  a  full 
Outer  Side  Circle,  and  the  left  a  full  Inner  Side  Circle,  in  the  direction 
indicated  by  the  arrows.  The  Clubs  will  pass  each  other,  when  perpendicu- 
larly  above   the   head,    and   again   when   they  reach   the   first   position. 

Next  reverse  the  movement,  changing  the  right  hand  to  the  Inner 
Side    Circle,    and   the   left   to    the    Outer   Side    Circle. 

In  executing  these  movements,  keep  the  arms  fully  extended,  and  swing 
the  right  uniformly  with  the  left,  passing  the  Clubs  as  above  described.  Turn 
the  body  from  side  to  side,  which  you  will  find  necessary  to  enable  you  to 
make    a    perfect    circle. 

58 


FlOUBE     11. 


ExBj^cisB  Mn.  12* 


This  movement,  when  well  executed,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
graceful  of  the  entire  series.  It  is  called  the  Horizontal — from  the  fact  that, 
in  the  completion  of  the  circles,  or  sweeps,  at  the  ,  point  of  a  reverse  of 
them,  both  Clubs  are  in  a  horizontal  position;  one  directly  above  and  behind 
the   head,    and   the   other   at   arm's    length    at   the   side,    as   seen   in   the   figure. 

This  is  called  a  simultaneous  movement ;  the  time  of  the  moveisent 
of  the  right  arm,  in  completing  half  the  figure,  is  the  same  as  that  of  the 
left,  which  is  completing  the  other  half  In  this  respect  this  exercise  is 
somewhat   similar   to   No.    6. 

To  fully  understand  the  movement,  we  will  go  somewhat  into  details. 
Take  at  first  a  Club  in  the  right  hand,  and  carry  it  to  position  A,  (see 
figure,)  horizontally,  over  the  head,  and  well  backward,  so  that,  when  it  falls, 
it   will   clear   the   head   and   shoulders   well. 

Now  drop  it,  describing  a  half  Inner  Back  Circle,  in  the  direction 
of  the  backward  line,  AAA,  (see  figure,)  at  the  same  time  straightening 
the  arm  and  bringing  the  Club  in  a  horizontal  position,  at  arm's  length,  at 
the   right   side,    as   shown   by   the    dotted    arm   in   the   figure. 

Now  bring  the  Club  forward  by  the  Front  Outer  Circle,  following  the 
fi-ont  line,  AAA,  in  the  direction  of  the  arrows,  but  instead  of  carrying  it 
completely  around,  shorten  the  sweep  by  bending  the  arm,  as  it  passes  in 
front  of  the  body,  and  carry  it  up  and  over  the  head  again,  to  the  position 
A,    from   whence   it   started,    as   shown   in   the   figure. 

Repeat  this  until  you  do  it  smoothly.  Note  the  pecuhar  movement  of 
carrying  the  Club  quickly  backward,  as  it  passes  over  the  head,  to  enable 
it   to   clear   the   head   fi:eely   as   it   drops   behind   again. 

Practice  the  left  hand,  the  positions  of  which  you  can  find  by  reference 
to   the  figure,   they   being   relatively   the   same   as   the   right. 

00 


As 


I 


\ 


\ 


■^^:) 


F  I  G  U  B  E     12. 


Exercise  Mn.  13» 


This  exercise  is  more  difficult  to  describe  than  to  execute.  It  is 
familiarly  known  as  the  "Windmill,"  from  its  resemblance  to  the  four  arms 
of  a   windmill   following   each   other   round   and   round,    in   one   direction. 

This  beautiful  figure  comprises  four  distinct  motions  of  the  Alphabet, 
following  each  other  successively,  and  alternating  with  the  right  and  left  arms; 
commencing  first  with  the  Inner  Front,  right  arm ;  second,  the  Inner  Back, 
loft  arm ;  third,  the  Outer  Back,  right  arm ;  and  fourth,  the  Outer  Front, 
left   arm;    then   repeating   from   the   first   again,    ad  libitum. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  aU  the  circles  are  described  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, and  each  Club  closely  following  the  other,  gives  the  movement  a 
similarity   to   the   windmill,    thus   suggesting   its   appropriate   name. 

Take  the  second  position.  Commencing  with  the  right  hand,  describe 
the  Inner  Front  Circle,  in  the  direction  D  E  F,  (see  figure,)  and  at  the 
moment  it  reaches  the  point  F,  start  off  with  the  left  arm,  in  the  direction 
D — indicated  by  the  arrow — and  describe  an  Inner  Back  Circle,  D  E  F,  (see 
figure,)  which  follow  by  the  Outer  Back  with  the  right  arm,  which  has  got 
around   in   position   to   execute   it.     (See    A  B    C,   in   figure.) 

Immediately  follow  with  the  left  again,  which  is  at  G,  executing  the 
Outer   Front   by   the   Hne    G   H    I.     (See   figure.) 

The  time  it  takes  to  execute  a  Back  Inner  or  Outer  Circle  being 
exactly  the  same  as  for  an  Outer  or  Inner  Front  Circle,  by  bearing  this  in 
mind,  and  commencing  slowly  to  execute  the  four  movements,  in  their  respect- 
ive turns  as  before  explained — giving  each  its  regular  time,  one,  two,  three, 
four — ^you  will  soon  catch   the  movement,   and  find    it  very   simple. 


/ 


FiauBS   13. 


Exej^cise  Mn,  X4, 


This  exercise  is  a  variation  of  No.  13,  and  is  similar  in  der-?^il,  differing 
only  in  carrying  the   Clubs  together,   in  company,   instead  of  alternately. 

From  the  second  position,  raise  the  Clubs,  as  indicated  in  the  figure, 
preparatory  to  executing  simultaneously  the  Inner  Back  Circle  with  the  right 
arm,   and   the    Outer  Back    Circle   with   the   left. 

Let  both  Clubs  fall  together  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  arrows 
at  A  A  and  B  B,  each  describing  their  respective  Back  Circles,  and  moving 
exactly  together  in  the  same  direction,  and  coming  around  again  to  the  posi- 
tion  shown   in   the   figure. 

Now  follow  the  lines  C  C,  in  the  direction  D  D,  with  both  Clubs  in 
close  company,  describing  with  the  right  a  Front  Outer,  and  with  the  left  a 
Front  Inner  Circle,  again  coming  around  to  the  position  shown  in  the  figure. 
Now  the  Inner  Backs  ap^ain,  then  the  Fronts,  and  so  on  alternately,  and  you 
have   the   movement. 

A  variation  of  the  direction  of  the  movement  to  the  right — a  reverse 
of  the  above — completes   this   exercise. 


ExBrcisB  Mn.  15. 


This  exercise  is  a  combination  of  the  Front  and  Back  Circles,  requiring 
a  little  practice  and  some  skill  in  execution.  It  is  a  very  fine,  as  well  as 
difficult  movement. 

Be  careful  and  avoid  collision  as  the  Clubs  cross.  It  will  be  well  to 
practice   this   movement   at   first   with   a   very   light   Club. 

By   referring   to   the   figure,   it   will  be   seen   that   the    Clubs   cross   each 

other,  near  the  hand,  which  is  the  secret  of  the  movement,  and  when  brought 

around   to   the   position   shown,    bring   the  hands   close  together,  that  the  point 

of  crossing  may   be   at   the   smallest   part  of  the   Club. 

The  apparent  position  of  the  Clubs,  in  the  figure,  is  directly  over  the 
head,    but   they   should   be   back   far   enough   to   clear   the   shoulders   nicely. 

Commence  the  movement  with  the  Inner  Back  Circles,  simultaneously 
with  the  right  and  left,  and  follow  by  the  Inner  Front  Circles,  repeating  each 
alternately. 

From  the  position  given  in  the  figure,  let  each  Club  fall  downward,  the 
one  in  the  right  hand  following  the  dotted  line,  A  B  C  D  E,  and  the  one  w 
the  left  following  the  same  line,  in  the  reverse  direction.  The  Clubs  must,  of 
course,  cross  each  other,  to  get  around  together,  both  behind  and  in  fi:ont,  as 
indicated  by  the  dotted  lines  in  the  figure. 

In  executing  the  Back  Circles,  make  due  allowance  for  the  crossing  of 
the  Clubs,  which  may  pass  each  other  at  either  side.  It  is  weU,  however,  to 
practice  passing  them  alternately,   right  and  left,  behind. 

Learn  to  do  the  Back  Circles  well,  before  trying  the  combination  of 
the  Front. 


F  I  O  U  U  K     1  ~) . 


Exercise   Mn.  X6, 


This  exercise  appears,  from  the  figure,  to  be  somewhat  complicated  and 
difficult,  though  it  is  comparatively  easy  and  simple  after  you  have  mastered 
the  two  movements  forming  the  combination,  viz. :  the  Inner  Back  Circles 
simultaneously,  (as  in  Exercise  No.  15,)  and  the  double  Front  Moulinet,  (as  in 
Exercise  No.  7.) 

Commencing  fi:-om  the  second  position,  carry  the  Clubs  to  the  position 
shown   in   the   figure,    preparatory  to   the    execution  of  the   Inner  Back  Circles. 

On  the  completion  of  the  Inner  Back  Circles,  carry  the  Clubs  forward, 
and  together,  in  position  to  execute  the  forward  Moulinet,  as  in  Exercise  No.  7. 
Then,  with  no  pause  in  the  movement,  carry  the  Clubs  upward  and  backward, 
as  shown  in  the  figure,  and  repeat  alternately  the  two  movements,   ad  libitum. 

The  dotted  lines  and  arrows  shown  in  the  figure  indicate  the  mo^'ement, 
but  after  you  have  become  familiar  with  the  different  movements  of  the  foregoing 
exercises,  a  written  explanation  will  be  ,as  easily  understood  as  a  figure  or 
diagram,  and,  in   this   case,  more   so. 

68 


O  -^    ..-B  A 


/.:^^Ex\ 


EXERCISES    FOR    LADIES 


As  a  means  of  exercise,  both  pleasing  and  beneficial,  there  is  notliing 
lor  ladiiis   more    suitable   and   simple   than   the   Indian    Clubs. 

We  append  a  few  simple  movements,  only  by  way  of  introduction,  for 
thii  reason  that  all  of  the  foregoing  exercises  are  just  as  well  adapted  for 
ladies   as   for   gentlemen,    though   ladies,   of    course,   should   use   lighter   weights 

The  weight  for  ladies  is  from  three  to  five  pounds.  The  dress  should 
be  loose,  and  the  arms  fi:ee  to  move  in  any  position,  and  nothing  to  prevent 
a   full   expansion    of  the   chest. 

Many  of  the  .exercises  can  be  executed  with  such  skill  and  grace  as 
to  approach  "the  poetry  of  motion,"  and  when  accompanied  by  music  they 
can   be  rendered   pleasing  accompUshments. 

Half  an  hour  with  the  Clubs,  daily,  divided  morning  and  evening,  wilf 
soon  do  away  with  much  that  is  artificial  about  womankind,  }md  promote  the 
natural   develooment    of  a   graceful    form    and    movement 


ExB^cisB  Mn,  17, 


Take  the  first  position,  as  shown  by  the  figure,  the  Clubs  hanging 
pendant   by   the   side. 

Raise  the  right  Club  slowly  in  front,  and  to  the  left,  in  the  direction 
indicated  by  the  line  A,  carrying  it  to  the  position*  B,  as  shown  by  the  dotted 
arm  and  Club — holding  it  horizontally  and  directly  over  the  head. 

Retain  it  in  this  position  for  a  few  seconds,  and  then  let  it  drop,  by 
the    same   line,    to   the   first  position   again. 

Repeat  this  movement  several  times  with  the  right,  and  then  try  the 
left   arm,    then   the   right   and   left   alternately. 

72 


cs 


F  I  O  U  R  F.     1 


Exercise  Mn,  18, 


This   exercise   should   be    executed   veiy   slowly,    and    prolonged   until  it 

produces   fatigue- 
Raise   the   Clubs   to    the   secoiid    position,    as    shown   in    the   figure — the 

Clubs  perpendicular,  and   the   hands  directly   m   front   of  and   about  the   height 

of  the   shoulders. 

Carry  them   slowly  from  B   to   C,   hilly  c  intending  the   arms  at   the  side, 
horizontally.     Next   return   them,    by   the   line   D,    to   position   B   again. 

Now  carry  them  backward,   by  the  line  iu,  uni'il  they  reach  the  position 
indicated   by   the   dotted  Clubs   in   the   figure. 

Raise   them   to   the   second    position    again,    and    repeat    the    movement. 
Do   all  this   slowly,   keeping   the   Clubs   exactly   perpendicular. 

74 


Figure   18, 


ExBt^cisB  Mn,  19. 


This  movement  has  alreidy  been  fudj  described,  in  the  preliminary 
ixercises,    as   the   Inner   Back    Circle. 

From  the  second  position,  (see  f.gure,)  carry  the  Club  in  the  right 
Tm  upward  and  backward  over  the  head,  letting  it  turn  in  the  direction 
i,  and  falling,  follow  the  line  B  C ;  after  which,  bring  it  back  in  front,  to 
he   second   position   again. 

^  Practice   until   you    can    do   this    smoothly. 

Next  try  the  left  arm,  and  when  perfect  with  that,  alternate  the  right 
.nd   left,    in   constant   succession,    with   no   pause   in    the   movement. 


Figure    19 


ExBtrcisB  Mn,  20. 


This  is  the  Front  MouKnet,  and  ha^,  been  fully  described  in  the  Alphabet 

This   movement  is  particularly  trying  to  the  wrist,  and  tends   to  develop 
at  part,  which  is  proportionally  weaker  than  any  other  part  of  the  arm. 

Start  with  a  Club  in  the  right  hand,  holding  it  in  the  second  position. 

Let    it    fall    outwardly,    and    cirectly    in    front,    in    the     direction   A,    as 
dicated  in    the   figure,    following   the   line    B    C,    completing   a   perfect   circle. 

As   the  Club   falls   forward   to    the  position  B,  the  elbow  must  be  closed 
toward  the   body,   and   the    grasp    somewhat   relaxed,   with   the   palm  of  the 
Lnd   turned   toward   the   body. 

The   foregoing   instructions   must   be   closely  observed   in   this   movement, 
;fore   you   can   do   it   correctly. 

When  perfect  with  the  right  hand,  try  the  left;    then  both  together,  and 
bemately. 

78 


\. 


-./a 


Figure   2  f  • 


SUSPENSORY  BANDAGES  and  JOCK  STRAPS,  FOR  MEN'S  USE. 
These  Cuts  are  about  1-5  the  exact  size  of  the  Suspensories,  &c. 


No.  809. 


The  above  goods  are  of  French,  English  and  American  make.  They  are  all  of  the  best,  simplest 
and  most  useful  styles  to  be  had  ;  are  in  three  sizes — small,  medium  and  large  bag,  and  when  ordering 
please  mention  -which  size  you  wish,  and  send  size  around  waist  for  strap  (prices  the  same  for  all 
sizes).  They  are  especially  adapted  for  the  use  of  pedestrians,  equestrians,  gymnasts,  base-ball,  cricket, 
polo  and  lawn  tennis  players,  bicycleisls,  rowers,  boxers,  hunters,  and  sportmgmen  in  general ;  also  for 
men  who  stand  or  walk  a  great  deal.  All  these  persons  will  find  great  relief  and  comfort  in  wearing 
either  of  the  above  suspensories. 

No.  808  — Suspensory  Bandage  made  with  cotton  band  to  buckle,  and  fine  cotton  bag.  closely  knit,, 
with  shir  string,  to  tighten  at  will.  Price,  25  cents. 

No.  809 — Suspensory,  same  as  No,  808,but  in  place  of  shir  string  has  straps,  which  button  on  band. 

Price,  25  cents. 

No.  810. — Suspensory  Bandage,  made  of  fine  elastic  band,  to  fasten  with  a  new  style  of  hook  and 
eye,  same  to  regulate  for  size  of  "waist,  with  closely  knit  cotton  bag,  to  shir  and  tighten  at  pleasure. 

Price,  60  cents. 

No.  811. — Suspensory,  .same  as  No.  809,  but  band,  which  is  one-half  of  fine  elastic  web.  and  which 
gives  freely  to  the  movement  of  the  body.  Price,  40  cents. 

No.  910.— Suspensory,  a  full  elastic  band  with  eyelet  holes  and  hooks,  fine  net  bag,  trimmed  with 
silk  ;  same  can  be  taken  off  of  band  and  washed,  as  it  is  fastened  with  small  and  neat  hooks  and  eyes. 

Price,  75  cents, 

No  900.— Jock  Strap,  used  more  by  gymnasts,  athletes,  rowers,  etc.,  made  of  fine  cotton  band, 
bag  of  sateen  lined  with  fine  cottony  size  of  band  regulated  with  buckle,  and  strings,  to  tighten  the  bag, 
by  fastening  through  eylet  holes.  Price,  50  cents. 

N.  B. — The  buckles  and  hooks  on  all  our  Suspensories  are  so  fastened  as  not  to  touch  the  flesh,  are 
very  secure,  and  work  with  great  ease. 

"SYRACUSE"  SUSPElTSOny  BANDAGE. 

With  Self-Adjusting  Sliding  Loop  at  Back  of  Pouch. 

The  Sliding  Loop  (at  back  of  Pouch)  through  which  the  small 
sti  ap  passes  works  freely  on  the  strap,  and  thereby  allows  the  scro- 
tum to  adjust  itself  just  as  the  movement  of  the  body  or  clothing 
re(]uires,  and  consequently  our  Suspensory  will  fit  while  the  person 
wearing  it  is  in  motion.  The  Sliding  Loop  makes  Suspensory  self- 
adjusting,  and  gives  freedom  of  movement.  Prevents  pulling,  cord- 
ing and  chatlDg.  Gives  support  without  restraint  of  nioliou,  renders 
displacement  impossible.    Makes  our  Suspensorv  perfect  fittine.  and 


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